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CodexMira
DeepEarlyNeolithicBronze AgeIron Age and ClassicalMedievalEarlyModern

Pergamon

Lost and Buried City

Description

Pergamon is a lost and buried city in Türkiye, Asia. UNESCO World Heritage List: Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape gives its chronology as “c. 300 BCE to 300 CE.” Its listed material is Andesite. UNESCO World Heritage List: Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape also records: “Hellenistic capital.”

A hilltop capital with one of the steepest theaters of the ancient world.

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Iron Age and Classical — Pergamon in context.

Iron Age and Classical, 1,200 BCE to 500 CEDates supported by mainstream archaeology. Natural formations remain undated.Timeline182282222444310264112911622913713613668191,000 BCE500 BCE0 CE
MaterialAndesiteMohs 6-6 (mineral hardness scale)

Claims

Compare the published evidence and its interpretations. “Consensus” records the mainstream account; “Alternative” identifies a competing interpretation, not an equally established conclusion. Estimates and unresolved questions remain qualified in the claim text.

FieldConsensusAlternative
Date

300 BCE - 300 CE

c. 300 BCE to 300 CE

UNESCO World Heritage List: Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape
No claims found.
Purpose

Hellenistic capital

UNESCO World Heritage List: Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape
No claims found.
MethodNo claims found.No claims found.
Sources: UNESCO World Heritage List: Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape

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Approximate - counted from January 1, 0 CE (UTC). Based on the midpoint of 300 BCE - 300 CE; the underlying date is uncertain.

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