CodexMira
DeepEarlyNeolithicBronze AgeIron Age and ClassicalMedievalEarlyModern

Ensisheim trepanned skull

Precision Artifact

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A Neolithic skull showing two healed surgical openings. The patient survived.

ContinentEuropeConfidence: measured
Held atMusée de la Régence, EnsisheimConfidence: measured
MaterialBoneMohs 2-3 (mineral hardness scale)

Claims

FieldConsensusAlternative
Date

5100 BCE - 4900 BCE

c. 5100-4900 BCE

Musée de la Régence, Ensisheim
No claims found.
Purpose

Surgical trepanation

Musée de la Régence, Ensisheim
No claims found.
MethodNo claims found.No claims found.
Sources: Musée de la Régence, Ensisheim

Neolithic — Ensisheim trepanned skull in context.

Neolithic, 6,000 BCE to 3,300 BCEDates supported by mainstream archaeology. Natural formations remain undated.TimelineÇatalhöyük, 7,100 BCE - 5,950 BCEEnsisheim trepanned skull, 5,100 BCE - 4,900 BCEBroken Menhir of Er Grah, 4,700 BCE - 4,500 BCECarnac stones, 4,500 BCE - 3,300 BCEStone vessels of the Step Pyramid, 3,500 BCE - 2,650 BCEÇatalhöyükBroken Menhir of Er GrahCarnac stones5,500 BCE5,000 BCE4,500 BCE4,000 BCE3,500 BCE

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Approximate - counted from January 1, 5,000 BCE (UTC). Based on the midpoint of 5,100 BCE - 4,900 BCE.

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